Best Manuka Honey – New Zealand

Tag: Manuka honey dental health natural remedy

  • Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    Table of Contents

    Introduction

    Manuka honey is not only known for its delicious taste but also for its numerous health benefits. In recent years, research has shown that Manuka honey possesses antibacterial properties, thanks to its active ingredient Methylglyoxal. These properties make it highly beneficial in maintaining oral health. Additionally, vitamin C and vitamin E also play significant roles in promoting dental health. In this article, we will explore the benefits of Manuka honey, vitamin C, and vitamin E in maintaining optimal oral health.

    Manuka Honey and Oral Health

    Manuka honey has been found to be effective in combating harmful oral bacteria that are associated with conditions like plaque formation, gum inflammation, gingivitis, and tooth decay. Studies published in the Swiss Dental Journal and Oral Health have confirmed the high antibacterial activity of Manuka honey against bacteria such as P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans.

    One study conducted on the effects of chewing or sucking on a Manuka honey chew three times a day for 10 minutes following meals showed a significant reduction in plaque and gingival bleeding. The participants who chewed the Manuka honey chew experienced better oral health outcomes compared to those who chewed sugar-free gum.

    Contrary to popular belief, consuming Manuka honey does not contribute to cavities or tooth decay. Its potent antibacterial effects make it unlikely to cause harm to the teeth, unlike other refined sugars and sweets.

    The Role of Vitamin C in Dental Health

    Vitamin C has been found to play a vital role in preventing the development of dental caries, which is commonly known as tooth decay. Additionally, vitamin C contributes to collagen synthesis, an important process for providing structure, support, and maintenance to the teeth.

    Scientific evidence has linked periodontal disease, which affects the tissues surrounding the teeth, to vitamin C deficiency. Clinical studies have shown that a lack of vitamin C can cause gingival bleeding, regardless of oral hygiene practices. Vitamin C reduces inflammation in periodontal disease and its supplementation has been found to improve periodontal conditions. The antioxidant activity of vitamin C and its role in collagen biosynthesis facilitate wound healing, making it an essential nutrient for overall oral health.

    The Benefits of Vitamin E for Dental Health

    Vitamin E, an essential nutrient in our diet, has shown potential benefits in controlling the development or progression of periodontal disease. Chronic inflammation plays a significant role in the onset and progression of periodontal disease. Vitamin E helps reduce inflammation levels in the body, which can help control chronic inflammation associated with periodontal disease.

    In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, vitamin E is also an antioxidant. It prevents the activity of harmful free radicals, which can damage the tissues in the mouth and contribute to the development of periodontal disease. A study published in “Advances in Medical Science” found that individuals with periodontal disease displayed abnormally low levels of vitamin E in their mouths and saliva. Consuming vitamin E through diet or supplements may help restore adequate levels of this nutrient in the gum tissue and potentially prevent or treat periodontal disease.

    Conclusion

    Manuka honey, vitamin C, and vitamin E all play important roles in maintaining optimal dental health. Manuka honey’s antibacterial properties make it effective against harmful oral bacteria, while vitamin C contributes to collagen synthesis and helps prevent dental caries. Vitamin E helps control inflammation, a key factor in periodontal disease. Incorporating these natural remedies into your oral care routine may help promote healthy teeth and gums. So, consider adding Manuka honey, vitamin C, and vitamin E to your daily dental care regimen for improved oral health.

    Disclaimer: The information in this article is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your dentist or healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a dental condition or treatment.

  • Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    Table of Contents

    Introduction

    In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential health benefits of honey as a functional food. While honey has been widely recognized for its antimicrobial properties, its use in preventing and treating biofilm-dependent oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases, is still relatively unknown. This review aims to explore the antimicrobial properties of honey, with a special focus on its effectiveness against biofilm-dependent oral diseases. Additionally, we will discuss the use of analytical prospecting methods to uncover the bioactive components and mechanisms of action of honey.

    Antimicrobial Properties of Honey

    Honey has been used for centuries as both a source of nutrition and a medicinal remedy. Its antimicrobial properties have been well-documented, making it an effective treatment for wounds, bedsores, and other injuries. The antimicrobial activity of honey is attributed to its diverse chemical composition, which includes sugars, proteins, organic acids, vitamins, minerals, pigments, phenolic compounds, volatile compounds, and phytochemicals.

    Mechanisms of Action

    The antimicrobial mechanism of honey is multifactorial. It involves the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the enzyme glucose oxidase, which is present in most types of honey. The low pH and osmotic effect of honey also contribute to its antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, honey contains phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, which have been found to exhibit antimicrobial properties. Other bioactive components of honey, such as methylglyoxal and bee peptides, may also play a role in its antimicrobial activity.

    Types of Honey

    Honeys can be classified into two main groups based on their antimicrobial activity: peroxide honeys and non-peroxide honeys. Most honeys with antimicrobial activity are classified as peroxide honeys because their antimicrobial activity is linked to the production of hydrogen peroxide. However, Manuka honey, a type of non-peroxide honey from New Zealand, has been found to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity even after inactivating the peroxides. This activity is attributed to the presence of methylglyoxal in Manuka honey.

    Bioactive Components

    The bioactive components of honey responsible for its antimicrobial activity are still being studied. The phytochemical profile of honey can vary depending on factors such as geographic location, local flora biodiversity, and climatic conditions. While the exact bioactive components of honey are not yet fully understood, it is believed that the antimicrobial activity is the result of a synergistic effect between different compounds rather than a single component.

    Antimicrobial Activity against Oral Diseases

    Biofilm-forming microorganisms are responsible for several oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal diseases, and fungal infections. These microorganisms grow within a biofilm, which provides them with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and a physical barrier against their effects. Honey has been found to be effective against various oral pathogens, inhibiting the formation and growth of biofilms. Its antimicrobial properties make it a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-dependent oral diseases.

    Analytical Prospecting Methods

    Analytical prospecting methods can be used to uncover the bioactive components and mechanisms of action of honey. These methods involve the analysis of honey samples to identify and quantify its chemical constituents. Analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to determine the phytochemical profile of honey and identify the bioactive compounds responsible for its antimicrobial activity.

    Conclusion

    Manuka honey, with its potent antimicrobial activity, shows promise as a functional food for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-dependent oral diseases. Its diverse chemical composition and bioactive components contribute to its antimicrobial properties. Analytical prospecting methods can help uncover the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action of honey, further expanding our understanding of its potential health benefits. Further research is needed to fully explore the antimicrobial properties of honey and its effectiveness in preventing and treating oral diseases.

  • Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    Table of Contents

    Manuka honey, especially when raw, has been proven to have unique qualities that make it an effective medicament for oral health and overall well-being. Recent peer-reviewed articles have shed light on the newest research, all coming to the same conclusion: manuka honey is a valuable adjunctive medicine for the mouth. With its multifaceted benefits, manuka honey can serve as a toothpaste, antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal, regenerative agent, anti-cancer substance, antioxidant, prebiotic, and anti-inflammatory. In this article, we will delve into what manuka honey is, how it works in the mouth, how to use it, and recommend brands to purchase, including the one personally used by the author.

    What is Manuka Honey?

    Manuka honey is a type of honey derived from the nectar of the manuka tree, which is native to New Zealand and southeastern Australia. To produce manuka honey, beekeepers introduce European honeybees to areas with a high concentration of wild manuka trees during their 6-week blooming period. These trees grow in a pollution-free environment, free from industrial chemicals and pesticides.

    Manuka honey differs in appearance and taste from other honeys. It has a thicker consistency due to its high levels of specific proteins. Typically, it has a dark cream or dark brown color and a flavor described as “earthy” compared to other raw honeys.

    Like most honeys, manuka honey is composed of approximately 80% sugars, 17% water, and the remaining percentage consisting of minerals, organic acids, enzymes, and other components. Its sugar content includes about 31% glucose, 38% fructose, and a mixture of more complex sugars that are more difficult for the body to break down. Honey also contains fructo-oligosaccharides, a type of prebiotic that feeds beneficial bacteria in the gut.

    While all honeys contain around 200 biologically active chemicals, manuka honey stands out due to its unique compound called methylglyoxal (MGO). This non-peroxide compound provides manuka honey with bacteriostatic properties that enhance wound healing and tissue regeneration through its immunomodulatory effects. Manuka honey has concentrations of MGO that are not present to the same extent in other honeys, making it even more beneficial.

    A review published in 2017 by Niaz et al explored the tissue regenerating effects of manuka honey. The authors found that manuka honey has the potential to inhibit the process of carcinogenesis by controlling different molecular processes and the progression of cancer cells.

    Oral Benefits of Manuka Honey

    Over 100 systemic diseases and 500 medications have oral manifestations, with 145 commonly prescribed drugs causing dry mouth. Manuka honey, especially, can have positive effects on these oral manifestations. Numerous peer-reviewed papers support the medical applications of honey when used in the mouth:

    • Honey exhibits antibacterial effects on nearly 60 species and prevents the development of resistant strains of bacteria.
    • Manuka honey is effective in preventing the growth of biofilm organisms, reducing acid production, and decreasing gingivitis.
    • Randomized controlled trials indicate that honey helps prevent dental caries and gingivitis following orthodontic treatment.
    • A double-blind, randomized controlled trial demonstrates that manuka honey and raw honey are as effective as chlorhexidine mouthwash.
    • Manuka honey controls odor and inflammation in wounds secondary to squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.
    • Tualang honey has cytotoxic effects on cultured oral squamous cell carcinomas.
    • Multiple reports indicate that honey is beneficial in the treatment of radiation-induced mucositis and xerostomia in people undergoing curative radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
    • Honey enhances wound healing in non-healing or recurrent wounds in the head and neck area after radiotherapy.

    Practical Applications of Manuka Honey

    Manuka honey’s thicker consistency compared to regular honeys means that smaller amounts are typically used for various applications. Here are some practical ways to incorporate manuka honey for dental health:

    1. Toothpaste: Place approximately 1/2 teaspoon of manuka honey in your mouth and spread it around all your teeth using your tongue. Then, use an electric toothbrush as you normally would.

    2. Healing oral soft tissue lesions: Swish 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of honey around your mouth for about a minute, then swallow. Repeat as necessary.

    3. Lips and corner of mouth: Apply manuka honey to dry lips and sore corners of the mouth as needed.

    4. Systemic benefits: Consume about 1/2 teaspoon of honey 2-3 times a day to experience systemic benefits such as improved cough and cold symptoms from upper respiratory infections, prevention of gastric ulcers, and alleviation of digestive symptoms.

    5. Mouthwash: If you feel the need to freshen your mouth, swish with 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of honey and then swallow.

    6. Dry mouth: For individuals with dry mouth or xerostomia, swish with 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of honey as needed, then swallow.

    Purchasing Options for Manuka Honey

    The New Zealand government’s Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) established the first global standard and scientific definition for manuka honey in early 2018. This government-regulated and approved standard is the only one of its kind in the world. As of February 5, 2018, all honey labeled as manuka honey and exported from New Zealand must undergo testing to meet the MPI standard before lawful exportation. Test results from the certifying lab must accompany the export documents to ensure the authenticity of manuka honey packed in New Zealand.

    Here are some highly-rated brands of manuka honey to consider:

    • Manuka Honey KFactor16 from Wedderspoon (recommended by the author)
    • Kiva Raw
    • Manuka Doctor Bio Active
    • Comvita Premium
    • Happy Valley Honey
    • Manuka Health 100% Pure
    • Pacific Resources Fancy Grade

    Conclusion

    Raw honey, particularly manuka honey, has been scientifically proven to be an effective adjunctive medicament for oral health. Its diverse range of benefits makes it a versatile option for maintaining and improving dental health. Manuka honey’s unique compound, MGO, sets it apart and enhances its wound healing and tissue regeneration properties. By incorporating manuka honey into your oral care routine, you can experience the numerous benefits it offers. Give it a try and witness the positive impact it can have on your dental health and overall well-being.

    Sources:
    – [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4837971/
    – [2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007918300975?via%3Dihub
    – [3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28901255
    – [4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18210383
    – [5] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28901255
    – [6] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Honey%E2%80%93a+remedy+rediscovered+and+its+therapeutic+utility
    – [7] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=The+antimycobacterial+effect+of+honey%3A+an+in+vitro+study
    – [8] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6034044/
    – [9] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3220139/
    – [10] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905214000327
    – [11] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5855267/
    – [12] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25734464
    – [13] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2949736/
    – [14] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Topical+application+of+honey+in+the+management+of+chemo%2Fradiotherapy-induced+oral+mucositis%3A+A+systematic+review+and+network+meta-analysis
    – [15] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=The+effectiveness+of+thyme+honey+for+the+management+of+treatment-induced+xerostomia+in+head+and+neck+cancer+patients%3A+a+feasibility+randomized+control+trial
    – [16] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=The+treatment+of+chronic+wounds+in+the+head+and+neck+area+after+radiotherapy+with+medical+honey
    – [17] https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/17374-manuka-honey-science-definition-infographic
    – [18] https://wedderspoon.com/pages/frequently-asked-questions

  • Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    Table of Contents

    Manuka honey is a unique type of honey that has gained popularity for its potential health benefits. In this article, we will explore the use of manuka honey for dental health. From its wound-healing properties to its ability to prevent dental plaque, manuka honey offers a range of benefits for oral health.

    Introduction

    Manuka honey, which is produced in New Zealand, is known for its unique properties and high nutritional content. It is often used as a natural remedy for various health conditions, including wound healing, sore throat relief, and gut health support. However, its benefits for dental health are also worth exploring. In this article, we will delve into the potential benefits of manuka honey for dental health.

    The UMF Trademark

    The UMF (Unique Manuka Factor) trademark is an important quality assurance for manuka honey products. It is given to registered licensed beekeepers, producers, and exporters of genuine manuka honey. When purchasing manuka honey, it is essential to look for the UMF trademark on the label to ensure its authenticity and quality.

    The Nutritional Profile of Manuka Honey

    Before we delve into the specific benefits of manuka honey for dental health, let’s take a look at its nutritional profile. One teaspoon of manuka honey provides approximately 33 kcal/137 KJ of energy, 8.4g of carbohydrates, and 8.2g of sugar. It is important to note that honey, including manuka honey, is considered a “free” sugar, which should be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

    Top 10 Health Benefits of Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    1. Supports Wound Healing

    Manuka honey is well-known for its wound-healing properties. When applied directly to wounds, it supports the healing process and reduces pain. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of manuka honey contribute to its effectiveness in tissue regeneration, superficial partial thickness burns, diabetic ulcers, eyelid wounds, and post-surgery.

    1. Soothes a Sore Throat

    The combination of honey and lemon has long been used as a remedy for coughs and colds. Studies have shown that honey is more effective at alleviating a cough in children than over-the-counter cough suppressants. Honey, including manuka honey, has been recommended by health authorities as a first-line treatment for reducing the symptoms of a short-term cough.

    1. Supports Gut Health

    Manuka honey acts as a prebiotic, providing non-digestible carbohydrates known as oligosaccharides. These carbohydrates serve as a food source for beneficial gut bacteria, such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, promoting their growth and maintaining a healthy gut microbiome.

    1. Soothes Gastric Ulcers

    Studies have demonstrated the potential of manuka honey to protect against the damaging effects of gastric ulcers. Its anti-inflammatory properties, ability to manage infections like helicobacter pylori, and protective effects on the gut mucosa contribute to its potential in soothing gastric ulcers.

    1. Helps with Gastroenteritis

    There is evidence to suggest that manuka honey, particularly its antibacterial properties, may help treat gut infections caused by bacterial strains like clostridium difficile. Notably, it appears to shorten the duration of symptoms such as diarrhea.

    1. Offers Antiviral Properties

    Laboratory studies have shown that manuka honey can efficiently inhibit influenza viruses. It has also demonstrated significant activity against shingles in test tube studies. However, further research, including human trials, is needed to draw firm conclusions about its antiviral properties.

    1. Effective Against Antibiotic-Resistant Infections

    The rise of antimicrobial resistance has led to the search for alternative therapies. Medical-grade honey, including manuka honey, has shown promise in treating multidrug-resistant infections, providing a potential solution to this growing concern.

    1. Prevents Dental Plaque Build-up

    Contrary to what one might expect, manuka honey’s antibacterial properties make it a suitable food for dental health. Studies suggest that these properties can minimize the build-up of dental plaque, reducing the risk of gingivitis and other periodontal diseases. Manuka honey inhibits the growth of less favorable oral bacteria, such as Porphyomonas gingivalis.

    1. Helps Manage Cystic Fibrosis

    The potent antibacterial properties of manuka honey have shown potential in augmenting the effects of antibiotics in cystic fibrosis patients with upper respiratory infections. By inhibiting the growth of bacteria like pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia, manuka honey may serve as a valuable treatment strategy in the future.

    1. Effective Against Inflammatory Skin Conditions

    In addition to its well-known wound-healing properties, manuka honey is being studied for its effects on other skin disorders, including rosacea and acne. Test tube studies have shown that honey can modulate the immune system of the skin, but further research is needed to determine its potential as a treatment for a wider range of skin conditions.

    A Healthy Portion of Manuka Honey

    While manuka honey offers numerous health benefits, it is important to consume it in moderation due to its high sugar content. A maximum of two teaspoons (15g) per day is recommended as a good portion size. Incorporating manuka honey into a balanced diet by drizzling it over porridge, overnight oats, or natural yogurt is a great way to enjoy its benefits without excessive sugar intake.

    How to Buy the Best Manuka Honey

    When purchasing manuka honey, it is essential to look for certain indicators of authenticity and quality. Firstly, check that the honey is from New Zealand, as this is where genuine manuka honey is produced. Look for the UMF stamp and trademark on the label, as this ensures that the honey is produced by registered and licensed beekeepers, producers, and exporters. The UMF rating, such as 10+ or 25+, indicates the level of unique signature compounds, methylglyoxal (MG) and dihydroxyacetone (DHA), present in the honey. The higher the number, the greater the purity and potency of the honey.

    Safety Considerations

    While honey is generally safe for most adults, there are certain precautions to keep in mind. Individuals with allergies to honey or bees should avoid consuming manuka honey. People with diabetes should be mindful of their blood sugar levels when consuming manuka honey due to its high sugar content. It is important to note that honey should not be given to children under the age of one year as it may contain bacteria that can cause serious illness in infants.

    Conclusion

    Manuka honey offers a range of potential benefits for dental health. From its wound-healing properties to its ability to prevent dental plaque, manuka honey can be a valuable addition to a dental care routine. However, it is important to consume manuka honey in moderation due to its high sugar content. When purchasing manuka honey, look for the UMF trademark and rating to ensure its authenticity and quality. As with any health-related decision, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns or questions about the suitability of manuka honey for your specific situation.

    Keywords: manuka honey for dental health, UMF trademark, nutritional profile of manuka honey, health benefits of manuka honey, wound healing, sore throat relief, gut health support, gastric ulcers, gastroenteritis, antiviral properties, antibiotic-resistant infections, dental plaque prevention, cystic fibrosis management, inflammatory skin conditions, healthy portion of manuka honey, how to buy the best manuka honey, safety considerations.

  • Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    Table of Contents

    Periodontitis is recognized as one of the most common diseases worldwide. Non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) is the initial approach in periodontal treatment. Recently, interest has shifted to various adjunctive treatments to which the bacteria cannot develop resistance, including Manuka honey. This study was designed as a split-mouth clinical trial and included 15 participants with stage III periodontitis. The participants were subjected to non-surgical full-mouth therapy, followed by applying Manuka honey to two quadrants. The benefit of adjunctive use of Manuka honey was assessed at the recall appointment after 3, 6, and 12 months, when periodontal probing depth (PPD), split-mouth plaque score (FMPS), split-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were reassessed. Statistically significant differences between NSPT + Manuka and NSPT alone were found in PPD improvement for all follow-up time points and CAL improvement after 3 and 6 months. These statistically significant improvements due to the adjunctive use of Manuka amounted to (mm): 0.21, 0.30, and 0.19 for delta CAL and 0.18, 0.28, and 0.16 for delta PPD values measured after 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. No significant improvements in FMPS and FMBS were observed. This pilot study demonstrated the promising potential of Manuka honey for use as an adjunct therapy to nonsurgical treatment.

    Introduction to Manuka Honey for Dental Health

    Therapeutic Manuka honey has not yet been investigated as a possible adjunct to NSPT. Therefore, this pilot study aims to evaluate the effects of a product containing Manuka honey on periodontal parameters when applied to periodontal pockets after nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with stage 3 periodontitis.

    The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in Manuka honey is lower than in other types of honey. The specific antibacterial activity in Manuka honey is based on methylglyoxal (MGO), a compound proven to be a very efficient bactericide, virucide, and fungicide. Furthermore, Manuka honey is highly effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The antibacterial potency of Manuka honey was found to be related to its Non-Peroxide Activity (NPA), trademarked as Unique Manuka Factor (UMF) rating, a classification system which reflects the equivalent concentration of phenol (%, w/v) required to produce the same antibacterial activity as honey, and it is correlated with the methylglyoxal and total phenols content. In addition to its antimicrobial properties, published literature suggests that MGO also has immunomodulatory effects which may positively impact wound healing and tissue regeneration.

    The fact that bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics and antiseptics has shifted the interest of medicine to alternative treatment methods against which bacterial resistance cannot be developed. This approach includes using honey, which is increasingly used in medicine. Since the 1990s, when the first studies appeared on the therapeutic effects of honey, particular interest has been focused on its antibacterial properties against infections and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This effect is consequential mainly of the high sugar concentration of honey, its low pH value, and the formation of hydrogen peroxide that occurs in the enzymatic breakdown of glucose by the glucose oxidase enzyme. Contemporary research on the effects of honey focuses predominantly on one specific honey type, leading to the medicinal use of Manuka honey due to its antibacterial properties. This is an endemic type of honey produced by bees in Australia and New Zealand from the flowers of the plant Leptospermum scoparium.

    Current Treatment Methods for Periodontitis

    Various systemically administered and locally delivered adjuncts to NSPT have been suggested, including systemic and local antibiotics, antiseptics, probiotics, lasers, and photodynamic treatment. However, the latest guidelines on the treatment of periodontitis stage I–III do not support the use of adjuncts. The exception in terms of open recommendations is given for locally administered sustained-release chlorhexidine and antibiotics and the use of systemic antibiotics in specific patient groups.

    The main goal of periodontal treatment is to reduce the number of periodontal pathogens and arrest the inflammatory process. The contemporary gold treatment standard is non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), which involves scaling and root planning using manual and machine-driven (sonic or ultrasonic) instruments. The literature suggests that this therapy is highly effective in eliminating the infection. The latest systematic review article by Suvan et al. on subgingival instrumentation for periodontitis treatment estimates a weighted range of pocket depth reduction of 1.0–1.7 mm and a ratio of pocket closure of 57–74% after 3/4 and 6/8 months, respectively, that was achieved through non-surgical periodontal treatment only. Although NSPT can effectively reduce the number of periodontal pathogens, microbial recolonization commonly occurs, and residual pockets are expected to remain after NSPT.

    The Study on Manuka Honey as an Adjunctive Treatment

    This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of Manuka honey as an adjunct to NSPT in patients with stage III periodontitis. The study included 15 participants who underwent non-surgical full-mouth therapy followed by the application of Manuka honey to two quadrants. The benefits of this adjunctive treatment were assessed at recall appointments after 3, 6, and 12 months.

    The results of the study showed statistically significant improvements in periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) in the quadrants treated with NSPT + Manuka compared to NSPT alone. The improvements in PPD and CAL were observed at all follow-up time points (3, 6, and 12 months). The delta CAL values measured after 3, 6, and 12 months were 0.21, 0.30, and 0.19 mm, respectively. The delta PPD values measured after 3, 6, and 12 months were 0.18, 0.28, and 0.16 mm, respectively. These improvements suggest that the adjunctive use of Manuka honey can lead to better periodontal outcomes.

    No significant improvements were observed in split-mouth plaque score (FMPS) and split-mouth bleeding score (FMBS) between the NSPT + Manuka and NSPT-only quadrants. However, it is important to note that the baseline values for plaque and bleeding scores were significantly higher in the NSPT + Manuka quadrants compared to the NSPT-only quadrants.

    Antibacterial Properties of Manuka Honey

    The antibacterial activity of Manuka honey is attributed to its high concentration of methylglyoxal (MGO), which has been proven to be a very efficient bactericide, virucide, and fungicide. Manuka honey is also highly effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The antibacterial potency of Manuka honey is measured by its Non-Peroxide Activity (NPA) rating, which reflects the equivalent concentration of phenol required to produce the same antibacterial activity as honey.

    In addition to its antibacterial properties, Manuka honey has been found to have immunomodulatory effects that can positively impact wound healing and tissue regeneration. These effects may contribute to the improved periodontal outcomes observed in the study.

    Conclusion

    This pilot study provides promising evidence for the potential use of Manuka honey as an adjunct therapy to nonsurgical periodontal treatment. The study demonstrated statistically significant improvements in periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment level in the quadrants treated with NSPT + Manuka compared to NSPT alone. These improvements suggest that the adjunctive use of Manuka honey can lead to better periodontal outcomes. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the antibacterial properties of Manuka honey in the oral cavity.